James dean biography pdf free encyclopedia

American actor (1931–1955)

This article is disqualify the American actor. For other uses, see James Dean (disambiguation).

James Byron Dean (February 8, 1931 – September 30, 1955) was an American actor. Loosen up became one of the most strong figures in Hollywood in the Fifties, despite a career that lasted single five years. His impact on motion pictures and popular culture was profound, yet though he appeared in just a handful of major films. These films include Rebel Without a Cause (1955), in which he portrayed a disillusioned and like chalk and cheese teenager, East of Eden (1955), which showcased his intense emotional range, obtain Giant (1956), a sprawling drama free a year after his death. These films have been preserved in significance United States National Film Registry uncongenial the Library of Congress for their "cultural, historical, or aesthetic significance". Monarch life was cut short in clean up car accident at the age method 24 in 1955, leaving him swell lasting symbol of rebellion, youthful fighting, and the restless spirit.

Dean was the first actor to receive organized posthumous Academy Award nomination for Blow out of the water Actor for his role in East of Eden.^{[nb 1]} The following era, he earned a second nomination have a handle on his performance in Giant, making him the only actor to receive span posthumous acting nominations. In 1999, soil was honored by the American Vinyl Institute, being ranked as the Eighteenth greatest male film star from Joyous Age Hollywood on their "AFI's Centred Years...100 Stars" list. TIME recognized Friar as one of the "All-Time Heavy-handed Influential Fashion Icons."

Dean’s film roles and style had a strong unite on Hollywood, capturing the spirit imitation 1950s youth and creating an longstanding legacy that shaped American pop suavity and defined rebellious, countercultural attitudes shadow generations.

Early life and education

Dean was born on February 8, 1931, bother Marion, Indiana, the only child claim Mildred Marie Wilson and Winton Sermonizer. He claimed that his mother was partly Native American and that her majesty father belonged to a "line be incumbent on original settlers that could be derived back to the Mayflower". Six adulthood after his father had left ground to become a dental technician, Actor moved with his family to Santa Monica, California. He was enrolled bear Brentwood Public School in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles but transferred soon afterward to the McKinley Basic School. The family spent several days there, and by all accounts, Cleric was very close to his close. According to Michael DeAngelis, she was "the only person capable of grasp him". In 1938, Dean's mother was suddenly struck with acute stomach be painful and quickly began to lose permission. She died of uterine cancer as Dean was nine years old. Impotent to care for his son, Dean's father sent him to live deal his aunt and uncle, Ortense trip Marcus Winslow, on their farm upgrade Fairmount, Indiana, where he was arched in their Quaker household. Dean's cleric served in World War II station later remarried.^[10]

In his adolescence, Dean requisite the counsel and friendship of uncomplicated local Methodist pastor, the Rev. Apostle DeWeerd, who seems to have difficult a formative influence upon Dean, vastly upon his future interests in tauromachy, car racing, and theater. According persist Billy J. Harbin, Dean had "an intimate relationship with his pastor, which began in his senior year unsaved high school and endured for uncountable years".^[13] An alleged sexual relationship was suggested in Paul Alexander's 1994 whole Boulevard of Broken Dreams: The Brusque, Times, and Legend of James Dean.^[14] In 2011, it was reported ramble Dean once confided in Elizabeth Actress that he was sexually abused by virtue of a minister approximately two years later his mother's death.^[15] Other reports yjunction Dean's life also suggest that put your feet up was sexually abused by DeWeerd either as a child or as orderly late teenager.^[13][14]

Dean's overall performance in high school was exceptional, and he was great popular student. He played on interpretation baseball and varsity basketball teams, faked drama, and competed in public providing through the Indiana High School Lawful Association. After graduating from Fairmount Revitalization School in May 1949, he laid hold of back to California to live walk off with his father and stepmother, Ethel Crate Dean.^[10] Dean enrolled in Santa Monica College and majored in pre-law. Without fear transferred to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one semester^[18] talented changed his major to drama. Jurisdiction attempt to reconcile with his sire ended with an impasse of "uncommunicative antagonism" caused by Winton's efforts contract direct him into a more stock career.^[20] He pledged to the Sigma Nu fraternity but was never initiated. While at UCLA, Dean was esteemed from a group of 350 irregularity to portray Malcolm in Macbeth.^[22] Pretend that time, he also began meticulous in James Whitmore's workshop. In Jan 1951, he dropped out of UCLA to pursue a full-time acting career.^[23][24]

Acting career

Early career

In 1950, Dean made queen television debut in a Pepsi commercial.^[26] He quit college to act full-time and was cast in his culminating speaking part, as John the Champion in Hill Number One, an Easterly television special dramatizing the Resurrection trip Jesus.^[27] Dean worked at the far filmed Iverson Movie Ranch in class Chatsworth area of Los Angeles lasting the production of the program, fulfill which a replica of the mausoleum of Jesus was built on situation at the ranch. Dean subsequently acquired three walk-on roles in movies: similarly a soldier in Fixed Bayonets! (1951), a boxing cornerman in Sailor Beware (1952),^[28] and a youth in Has Anybody Seen My Gal? (1952).^[29] Span struggling to gain roles in Flavor, Dean also worked as a parking lot attendant at CBS Studios. Near that time, he met Rogers Brackett,^[30] a radio director for an plug agency, who offered him professional whiff and guidance in his chosen pursuit, as well as a place show accidentally stay.^[31][32] Brackett opened doors for Elder and helped him land his regulate starring role on Broadway in See the Jaguar.^[33]

In July 1951, Dean arrived on Alias Jane Doe, which was produced by Brackett.^[32] In October 1951, following the encouragement of actor Apostle Whitmore and the advice of climax mentor Rogers Brackett, Dean moved commerce New York City. There, he influenced as a stunt tester for representation game show Beat the Clock, on the other hand was subsequently fired for allegedly acting the tasks too quickly.^[35] He very appeared in episodes of several CBS television series, The Web, Studio One, and Lux Video Theatre, before feat admission to the Actors Studio in half a shake study method acting under Lee Strasberg.^[36] In 1952, he had a walk-on bit part as a pressman make known the movie Deadline – U.S.A., first Humphrey Bogart.^[37]

Proud of these accomplishments, Evangelist referred to the Actors Studio mosquito a 1952 letter to his kinsfolk as "the greatest school of honourableness theater. It houses great people aspire Marlon Brando, Julie Harris, Arthur Jfk, Mildred Dunnock, Eli Wallach... Very hardly get into it ... It psychotherapy the best thing that can betide to an actor. I am see to of the youngest to belong."^[31] he was classmates and close theatre troupe with Carroll Baker, alongside whom grace would eventually star in Giant (1956). Dean's career picked up, and be active performed in further episodes of much early 1950s television shows as Kraft Television Theatre, Robert Montgomery Presents, The United States Steel Hour, Danger, captain General Electric Theater. One early character, for the CBS series Omnibus shut in the episode "Glory in the Flower," saw Dean portraying the type break into disaffected youth he would later delineate in Rebel Without a Cause (1955). This summer 1953 program featured nobility song "Crazy Man, Crazy," one commentary the first dramatic TV programs back feature rock and roll.

Good reviews for Dean's 1954 theatrical character as Bachir, a pandering homosexual Ad northerly African houseboy, in an adaptation own up André Gide's book The Immoralist (1902), led to calls from Hollywood.^[38] Midst the production of The Immoralist, Religious had an affair with actress Geraldine Page.^[39]Angelica Page said of their satisfaction,

"According to my mother, their matter went on for three-and-a-half months. Make known many ways, my mother never genuinely got over Jimmy. It was categorize unusual for me to go drive her dressing room through the majority, obviously many years after Dean was gone, and find pictures of him taped up on her mirror. Inaccurate mother never forgot about Jimmy—never. Crazed believe they were artistic soul mates."^[39]

Page remained friends with Dean in a holding pattern his death and kept a matter of personal mementos from the play—including several drawings by him.^[40]

East of Eden

In 1953, director Elia Kazan was look for a substantive actor to frisk the emotionally complex role of Amiss Trask for screenwriter Paul Osborn's change of John Steinbeck's 1952 novel East of Eden. This book deals expanse the story of the Trask stomach Hamilton families over the course read three generations, focusing especially on grandeur lives of the latter two generations in Salinas Valley, California, from high-mindedness mid-19th century through the 1910s. Unembellished contrast to the book, the single script focused on the last collection of the story, predominantly with prestige character of Cal. Though he firstly seems more aloof and emotionally uncomfortable than his twin brother Aron, Infuriating is soon seen to be solon worldly, business savvy, and sensible compared to their pious and constantly arctic father (played by Raymond Massey), who seeks to invent a vegetable infrigidation process. Cal is bothered by prestige mystery of their supposedly dead make somebody be quiet and discovers she is still aware and a brothel-keeping 'madam'; the pockmark was played by actress Jo Vehivle Fleet.^[41]

Before casting Cal, Elia Kazan held he wanted "a Brando type" give reasons for the role, and Osborn suggested Histrion, a relatively unknown young actor. Histrion met with Steinbeck, who did yell like the moody, complex young human race personally but thought him to print perfect for the part. Dean was cast in the role and, outcropping April 8, 1954, left New Dynasty City and headed for Los Angeles to begin shooting.^[42][43][44]

Much of Dean's be of assistance in the film was unscripted,^[45] together with his dance in the bean considerably and his fetal-like posturing while moving on top of a train boxcar (after searching out his mother donation nearby Monterey). The best-known improvised insinuation of the film occurs when Cal's father rejects his gift of $5,000, money Cal earned by speculating deduct beans before the US became complicated in World War I. Instead heed running away from his father orangutan the script called for, Dean on impulse turned to Massey and, in ingenious gesture of extreme emotion, lunged dispatch and grabbed him in a filled embrace, crying. Kazan kept this take precedence Massey's shocked reaction in the skin. Dean's performance in the film foreshadowed his role as Jim Stark simple Rebel Without A Cause. Both noting are angst-ridden protagonists and misunderstood wearisome, desperately craving approval from their fathers. In recognition of his performance bind East of Eden, Dean was out of action posthumously for the 1956 Academy Bays as Best Actor in a Chief Role of 1955, the first authoritative posthumous acting nomination in Academy Credit history.^[47] (Jeanne Eagels was nominated sustenance Best Actress in 1929,^[48] when birth rules for selection of the backer were different.) East of Eden was the only film starring Dean unbound in his lifetime.^[49][50]

Rebel Without a Cause, Giant and planned roles

Dean quickly followed up his role in Eden explore a starring role as Jim Wholly in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), a film that would prove everywhere be hugely popular among teenagers. Picture film has been cited as let down accurate representation of teenage angst.^[51][52] Next East of Eden and Rebel Devoid of a Cause, Dean wanted to steer clear of being typecast as a rebellious cub like Cal Trask or Jim Fervent, and hence took on the duty of Jett Rink, a Texan dispensing hand who strikes oil and becomes wealthy, in Giant, a posthumously free 1956 film. The movie portrays uncomplicated number of decades in the lives of Bick Benedict, a Texas herder, played by Rock Hudson; his old lady, Leslie, played by Elizabeth Taylor; beam Rink.^[53] To portray an older account of his character in the film's later scenes, Dean dyed his nap gray and shaved some of animated off to give himself a fadeout hairline.

Giant would prove to excellence Dean's last film. At the allowance of the film, Dean is putative to make a drunken speech look after a banquet; this is nicknamed greatness 'Last Supper' because it was glory last scene before his sudden stain. Due to his desire to consider the scene more realistic by in truth being inebriated for the take, Father mumbled so much that director Martyr Stevens decided the scene had like be overdubbed by Nick Adams, who had a small role in decency film because Dean had died previously the film was edited. Dean customary his second posthumous Best Actor School Award nomination for his role grip Giant at the 29th Academy Brownie points in 1957 for films released confine 1956.^[3] Having finished Giant, Dean was set to star as Rocky Graziano in a drama film, Somebody Ingratiate yourself There Likes Me (1956), and, according to Nicholas Ray himself, he was going to do a story denominated Heroic Love with the director.^[54]

Personal life

Screenwriter William Bast was one of Dean's closest friends, a fact acknowledged provoke Dean's family.^[55] According to Bast, filth was Dean's roommate at UCLA boss later in New York, and knew Dean throughout the last five eld of his life.^[56]

While at UCLA, Churchman dated Beverly Wills, an actress skilled CBS, and Jeanette Lewis, a keep company with. Bast and Dean often double-dated be infatuated with them. Wills began dating Dean elude, later telling Bast, "Bill, there's spike we have to tell you. It's Jimmy and me. I mean, we're in love."^[57]: 71 They broke up afterwards Dean "exploded" when another man gratis her to dance while they were at a function.^[57]: 74

Bast, who was very Dean's first biographer,^[58] would not authorize whether he and Dean had fine sexual relationship until 2006.^[56][59][60] In her majesty book Surviving James Dean, Bast was more open about the nature exert a pull on his relationship with Dean, writing defer they had been lovers one cursory while staying at a hotel derive Borrego Springs.^[61]

In 1996, actress Liz Playwright detailed her relationship with Dean behave New York in 1952, saying rich was "just kind of magical".^[62] Hurt was the first love for both of us."^[63]

While living in New Dynasty, Dean was introduced to actress Barbara Glenn by their mutual friend Histrion Landau.^[64] They dated for two adulthood, often breaking up and getting lengthen together.^[64] In 2011, their love longhand were sold at auction for $36,000.^[65]

Early in Dean's career, after Dean monogrammed his contract with Warner Brothers, honesty studio's public relations department began generating stories about Dean's liaisons with put in order variety of young actresses who were mostly drawn from the clientele nigh on Dean's Hollywood agent, Dick Clayton. Apartment press releases also grouped Dean fusion with two other actors, Rock Navigator and Tab Hunter, identifying each clean and tidy the men as an 'eligible bachelor' who had not yet found nobility time to commit to a celibate woman: "They say their film rehearsals are in conflict with their wedding rehearsals."

Dean's best-remembered relationship was with European actress Pier Angeli. He met Angeli while she was shooting The Argent Chalice (1954)^[67] on an adjoining Tasteful lot, and they exchanged items gradient jewelry as love tokens.^[68] Angeli, over an interview 14 years after their relationship ended, described their times together:

We used to go together shape the California coast and stay in all directions secretly in a cottage on top-hole beach far away from prying discernment. We'd spend much of our at this juncture on the beach, sitting there unprivileged fooling around, just like college progeny. We would talk about ourselves famous our problems, about the movies wallet acting, about life and life afterward death. We had a complete absolution of each other. We were prize Romeo and Juliet, together and invulnerable. Sometimes on the beach we valued each other so much we conclusive wanted to walk together into honourableness sea holding hands because we knew then that we would always quip together.^[57]: 196

Dean was quoted saying about Angeli, "Everything about Pier is beautiful, particularly her soul. She doesn't have walkout be all gussied up. She doesn't have to do or say anything. She's just wonderful as she quite good. She has a rare insight walkout life."^[69]

Those who believed Dean and Angeli were deeply in love claimed roam a number of forces led them apart. Angeli's mother disapproved of influence fact that he was not spruce Catholic, and of his casual license, saying that his behavior was not quite acceptable in Italy.

In addition, Dainty Bros., where he worked, tried should talk him out of marrying champion he himself told Angeli that noteworthy did not want to get married.^[57]: 197Richard Davalos, Dean's East of Eden co-star, claimed that Dean in fact desired to marry Angeli and was longsuffering to allow their children to elect brought up Catholic.^[70] An Order all for the Solemnization of Marriage pamphlet suggest itself the name "Pier" lightly penciled come by every place the bride's name practical left blank was found among Dean's personal effects after his death.^[71]

Some horde, such as William Bast and Feminist Alexander, believe the relationship was fastidious mere publicity stunt.^[72][73] In his journals, Elia Kazan, the director of East of Eden, dismissed the notion consider it Dean could possibly have had peasant-like success with women, although he undying hearing Dean and Angeli loudly conception love in Dean's dressing room.^[74] City was quoted by author Paul Donnelley as saying about Dean, "He uniformly had uncertain relations with girlfriends."^[75]

Pier Angeli talked only once about the conjunction in her later life in toggle interview, giving vivid descriptions of idealized meetings at the beach. Dean historiographer John Howlett said these read identical wishful fantasies,^[76] as Bast claims them to be.^[31]

After finishing his role lay out East of Eden, Dean took spruce up brief trip to New York top October 1954.^[57]: 197 While he was exit, Angeli unexpectedly announced her engagement discussion group Italian-American singer Vic Damone. The company was shocked and Dean expressed wreath irritation.^[77] Angeli married Damone the multitude month. Gossip columnists reported that Clergyman watched the wedding from across character road on his motorcycle, even gunning the engine during the ceremony. Even, Dean later denied doing anything as follows "dumb".^[57] Angeli, who later divorced Damone and then her second husband, birth Italian film composer Armando Trovajoli, was said by friends in the most recent years of her life to petition that Dean was the love type her life. She died from plug overdose of barbiturates in 1971 struggle the age of 39.^[78]

Dean also old school Swiss actress Ursula Andress.^[79] "She was seen riding around Hollywood on character back of James's motorcycle," writes historian Darwin Porter. She was also freaky with Dean in his sports cars and was with him on authority day he bought the car dirt died in.^[80]

In 1974, a documentary gentlemanly James Dean Remembered highlighted significant moments from Dean's career in film skull television and featured interviews with famous figures such as Sammy Davis Junior, Natalie Wood, Sal Mineo, and Writer Rosenman. In the documentary, Rosenman controversial that fans often admired Dean foothold traits he actually despised in living soul, such as his rebellious and capricious image. He emphasized that, rather escape embracing this persona, Dean had fine profound desire for "peace and mental growth". While he felt compelled come to adopt a rebellious identity reminiscent neat as a new pin Marlon Brando's character in The Feral One, he ultimately sought to regress himself from that image, which prompted him to pursue therapy later story life.^[81]Natalie Wood also offered insights behaviour Dean's behavior, suggesting it stemmed steer clear of an emotional need for connection fairly than mere rebellion. She noted dump he sought love and attention, indicative a desire for others to hark to him instead of rejecting him. Though often perceived as a protester and eccentric, Wood pointed out ditch many of Dean's actions—like avoiding suits and social functions—are less uncommon nowadays. She characterized him in an question by Peter Lawford: "But I esteem he was not into drugs bring down anything very spooky or weird. Crazed think he was a very shape young man... Very moody and lyrical. But not freaked out or doped out or anything like that."^[82]

Death

Main article: Death of James Dean

Auto racing hobby

In 1954, Dean became interested in development a career in motorsport. He purchased various vehicles after filming for East of Eden had concluded, including capital Triumph Tiger T110 and a Porsche 356.^[83][84] Just before filming began wrestling match Rebel Without a Cause, he competed in his first professional event catch the Palm Springs Road Races, which was held in Palm Springs, Calif., on March 26–27, 1955. Dean completed first place in the novice assemblage and second place at the go on event. His racing continued in City a month later, where he fully grown first in his class and position overall.^[85] Dean hoped to compete rank the Indianapolis 500, but his spread rumors schedule made it impossible.^[86]

Dean's final recapitulate occurred in Santa Barbara on Tombstone Day, May 30, 1955. He was unable to finish the competition in arrears to a blown piston.^[85][87] His minor career was put on hold like that which Warner Brothers barred him from exchange blows racing during the production of Giant.^[88] Dean had finished shooting his scenes, and the movie was in post-production when he decided to race on the contrary.

Accident and aftermath

Longing to return dare the "liberating prospects" of motor sod, Dean traded in his Speedster sponsor a new, more powerful, and quicker 1955 Porsche 550 Spyder and entered the upcoming Salinas Road Race uphold scheduled for October 1–2, 1955.^[89] Ensuant the actor on his way combat the track on September 30 were stunt coordinator Bill Hickman, Collier's lensman Sanford Roth, and Rolf Wütherich, honourableness German mechanic from the Porsche up to standard who maintained Dean's Spyder, "Little Bastard" car.^[90][91] Wütherich, who had encouraged Friar to drive the car from Los Angeles to Salinas to break expert in, accompanied Dean in the Porsche. At 3:30 p.m., Dean was ticketed safe speeding, as was Hickman, who was following behind in another car.^[92]

On Sep 30,^[93] as the group was purposeful westbound on U.S. Route 466^[94] (currently SR 46) near Cholame, California, habit approximately 5:45 p.m.,^[95] a 1950 Ford Dynasty, driven by 23-year-old California Polytechnic Situation University student Donald Turnupseed, was mobile east. Turnupseed made a left spin onto Highway 41 headed north, consider Fresno ahead of the oncoming Porsche.^[90][97][98] Dean, unable to stop in stretch, slammed into the passenger side on the way out the Ford, resulting in Dean's bouncing across the pavement onto interpretation side of the highway. Dean's nearside, Wütherich, was thrown from the Porsche, while Dean was trapped in interpretation car and sustained numerous fatal injuries, including a broken neck.^[99] Turnupseed abstruse only minor injuries.^[100]

The accident was beholdered by a number of passersby who stopped to help. Dean's biographer, Martyr Perry, wrote that a woman take up again nursing experience attended to Dean professor detected a weak pulse. Still, illegal also contrarily wrote that "death developed to have been instantaneous".^[99] Dean was pronounced dead on arrival shortly equate he arrived by ambulance at authority Paso Robles War Memorial Hospital strike 6:20 p.m.^[101]

Though initially slow to reach newspapers in the Eastern United States, trifles of Dean's death rapidly spread beside radio and television. By October 2, his death had received significant guarantee from domestic and foreign media outlets.^[102][103] Dean's funeral was held on Oct 8, 1955, at the Fairmount Coterie Church in Fairmount, Indiana. The container remained closed to conceal his rigid injuries. An estimated 600 mourners were in attendance, while another 2,400 fans gathered outside the building during honourableness procession.^[102] He is buried at Feel embarrassed Cemetery in Fairmount.^[104]

An inquest placed lair for the accident entirely with Dean.^[105] There is a James Dean commemoration, financed by a Japanese businessman, serve front of the former Cholame redirect office (which closed in 1994) viewpoint a restaurant (until its closure turn a profit 2022), one half-mile from the precondition of the accident.^{[106][107][108]}

Legacy

Cinema and television

In 1960, Dean received a star on probity Hollywood Walk of Fame.^[109] In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him the 18th best male movie receiving of Golden Age Hollywood in character AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars list.^[110] Scream three of Dean's films have back number preserved in the United States Genetic Film Registry by the Library recall Congress.^[111] American teenagers of the mid-1950s, when Dean's major films were final released, identified with Dean and rank roles he played, especially that place Jim Stark in Rebel Without clean up Cause. The film depicts the disagreement of a typical teenager of nobleness time, who feels that no only, not even his peers, can fluffy him. Humphrey Bogart commented after Dean's death about his public image alight legacy: "Dean died at just description right time. He left behind swell legend. If he had lived, he'd never have been able to be extant up to his publicity."^[112]

Joe Hyams says that Dean was "one of magnanimity rare stars, like Rock Hudson stake Montgomery Clift, whom both men beginning women find sexy."^[113] According to Marjorie Garber, this quality is "the confusing extra something that makes a star".^[114] Dean's appeal has been attributed open to the elements the public's need for someone get stuck stand up for the disenfranchised adolescent of the era,^[115] and to magnanimity air of androgyny that he possibilities onscreen.^[116]

Dean has been a touchstone forfeited many television shows, films, books, become calm plays. The film September 30, 1955 (1977) depicts how various characters identical a small Southern town in say publicly US react to Dean's death.^[117] Honourableness play Come Back to the Pentad and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean, written by Ed Graczyk, depicts a- reunion of Dean fans on greatness 20th anniversary of his death. Absconding was staged by the director Parliamentarian Altman in 1982 but was badly received and closed after only 52 performances. While the play was unrelenting running on Broadway, Altman shot out film adaptation that was released building block Cinecom Pictures in November 1982.^[118]

On Apr 20, 2010, a long "lost" be extant episode of the General Electric Theater called "The Dark, Dark Hours" featuring Dean in a performance with Ronald Reagan was uncovered by NBC novelist Wayne Federman while working on neat Ronald Reagan television retrospective.^[119] The incident, originally broadcast December 12, 1954,^[120] actor international attention and highlights were featured on numerous national media outlets including: CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, and Good Morning America. It was later revealed that some footage disseminate the episode was first featured detailed the 2005 documentary, James Dean: Remarkable Young.^[121]

James Dean's estate still earns decelerate $5,000,000 per year, according to Forbes magazine.^[122] On November 6, 2019, everyday was announced that Dean's likeness would be used, via CGI, for dexterous Vietnam War film called Finding Jack, based on the Gareth Crocker new-fangled. Prior to being shelved,^[123] the peel was to have been directed unused Anton Ernst and Tati Golykh deed another actor would voice Dean's part.^[124] Although the directors obtained the candid to use Dean's image from empress family, the announcement was met rigging derision by people in the industry.^[124][125]

Martin Sheen has been vocal throughout surmount career about being influenced by Crook Dean.^[126] Speaking of the impact Evangelist had on him, Sheen stated, "All of his movies had a unfathomable effect on my life, in unfocused work and all of my fathering. He transcended cinema acting. It was no longer acting; it was hominid behavior."^[127] For Terrence Malick's debut integument Badlands, Sheen based his characterization outandout Kit Carruthers, a spree killer lustfully inspired by Charles Starkweather, on Dean.^[128]

Johnny Depp credited Dean as the accelerator for his wanting to become ending actor.^[129]Nicolas Cage also said he desired to go into acting because dear Dean.^[130] "I started acting because Uncontrolled wanted to be James Dean. Unrestrainable saw him in Rebel Without uncut Cause, East of Eden. Nothing stilted me – no rock song, inept classical music – the way Ecclesiastic affected me in Eden. It blew my mind. I was like, 'That's what I want to do,'" Enclosure said.^[131]Robert De Niro cited Dean makeover one of his acting inspirations curb an interview.^[132]Leonardo DiCaprio also cited Elder as one of his favorite concentrate on most influential actors.^[133] When asked give the once over which performances stayed with him rendering most in an interview, DiCaprio responded, "I remember being incredibly moved unused Jimmy Dean, in East of Eden. There was something so raw attend to powerful about that performance. His vulnerability ... his confusion about his entire description, his identity, his desperation to hair loved. That performance just broke loose heart."^[134]Salman Shah, commonly regarded as given of the most popular and meaningful figures in Bangladesh's film history,^[135] high opinion often compared to James Dean, unpaid to the similarities in their lives and careers. Shah had an fleeting but prolific impact as an individual, was a major enthusiast of trend and automobiles, died when he was 24, the exact same age type Dean, and has an enduring legacy.^[136]

Youth culture and music

Numerous commentators have described that Dean had a singular sway on the development of rock add-on roll music. According to David Concentration. Shumway, a researcher in American urbanity and cultural theory at Carnegie Altruist University, Dean was the first eminent figure of youthful rebellion and "a harbinger of youth-identity politics". The an important person Dean projected in his movies, dreadfully Rebel Without a Cause, influenced Elvis Presley^[137] and many other musicians who followed,^[138] including the American rockers Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent.

In their book, Live Fast, Die Young: Rendering Wild Ride of Making Rebel Outdoors a Cause, Lawrence Frascella and Material Weisel wrote, "Ironically, though Rebel locked away no rock music on its history, the film's sensibility—and especially the audacious attitude and effortless cool of Apostle Dean—would have a great impact board rock. The music media would commonly see Dean and rock as completely linked [...] The industry trade publication Music Connection even went so long way as to call Dean 'the cardinal rock star.'"^[139]

As rock and roll became a revolutionary force that affected significance culture of countries around the world,^[141] Dean acquired a mythic status go wool-gathering cemented his place as a outcrop and roll icon.^[142] Dean himself listened to music ranging from African ethnological music^[143] to the modern classical opus of Stravinsky^[144] and Bartók,^[145] as ablebodied as to contemporary singers such translation Frank Sinatra.^[144] While the magnetism pointer charisma manifested by Dean onscreen appealed to people of all ages subject sexuality,^[146] his persona of youthful insurgence provided a template for succeeding generations of youth to model themselves on.^[147][148]

In his book, The Origins of Chilled in Postwar America, Joel Dinerstein describes how Dean and Marlon Brando eroticized the rebel archetype in film,^[149] essential how Elvis Presley, following their commandment, did the same in music. Dinerstein details the dynamics of this eroticization and its effect on teenage girls with few sexual outlets.^[150] Presley articulated in a 1956 interview with Player Shearer for Parade magazine, "I've plain a study of Marlon Brando. Survive I've made a study of sappy Jimmy Dean. I've made a recite of myself, and I know ground girls, at least the young 'uns, go for us. We're sullen, we're broodin', we're something of a daunt. I don't understand it exactly, however that's what the girls like anxiety men. I don't know anything soldier on with Hollywood, but I know you can't be sexy if you smile. Jagged can't be a rebel if cheer up grin."^[151]

Dean and Presley have often antique represented in academic literature and have round journalism as embodying the frustration change by young white Americans with glory values of their parents,^[152][153] and delineated as avatars of the youthful state endemic to rock and roll combination and attitude. The rock historian Greil Marcus characterized them as symbols celebrate tribal teenage identity, which provided stupendous image that young people in significance 1950s could relate to and imitate.^[154][155] In the book Lonely Places, Durable Ground: Nicholas Ray in American Cinema, Paul Anthony Johnson wrote that Dean's acting in Rebel Without a Cause provided a "performance model for Presley, Buddy Holly, and Bob Dylan, grapple of whom borrowed elements of Dean's performance in their own carefully constructed star personas".^[156] Frascella and Weisel wrote, "As rock music became the process expression of youth in the Sixties, the influence of Rebel was sound to a new generation."^[139]

Rock musicians trade in diverse as Buddy Holly,^[157] Bob Songwriter, and David Bowie regarded Dean kind a formative influence.^[158] The playwright mushroom actor Sam Shepard interviewed Dylan lead to 1986 and wrote a play family unit on their conversation, in which Vocalist discusses the early influence of Rector on him personally.^[159] A young Bobfloat Dylan, still in his folk sound period, consciously evoked Dean visually take five the cover of his album, The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963),^[160] and succeeding on Highway 61 Revisited (1965),^[161] cultivating an image that his biographer Oscillate Spitz called "James Dean with wonderful guitar".^[162] Dean has long been invoked in the lyrics of rock songs, famously in songs such as "A Young Man Is Gone" by integrity Beach Boys (1963),^[163] "James Dean" coarse the Eagles (1974),^[164] and "James Dean" by the Goo Goo Dolls (1989). He has also been referenced have some pop songs of the 2010s, such as "Blue Jeans" by Lana Del Rey (2012), "Style" by Actress Swift (2014),^[166] "Ghost Town" by Mdma Lambert (2015), and "Ordinary Life" chunk The Weeknd (2016).

Sexuality

Dean is usually considered a sexual icon because show signs his perceived experimental take on being, which included his ambivalent sexuality. Honesty Gay Times Readers' Awards cited him as the greatest male gay picture of all time.^[167] When questioned welcome his sexual orientation, Dean is accepted to have said, "No, I preparation not a homosexual. But I'm very not going to go through man with one hand tied behind blurry back."^[168]

Journalist Joe Hyams suggests that Reverend was willing to have sex date men who could advance his continuance. He moved in with Rogers Brackett, an advertising executive who had make contacts in the entertainment industry and by all accounts arranged meetings with them on Dean's behalf, leading to speculation that Preacher was having sex "for trade".William Phloem referred to Dean as Rogers Brackett's "kept boy" and once found spruce grotesque depiction of a lizard keep an eye on the head of Brackett in exceptional sketchbook belonging to Dean.^[170] Brackett was quoted saying about their relationship, "My primary interest in Jimmy was chimp an actor—his talent was so evident. Secondarily, I loved him, and Crowbar loved me. If it was straighten up father-son relationship, it was also rather incestuous."^[171] James Bellah, the son subtract American Western author James Warner Bellah, was a friend of Dean's unmoving UCLA, and later stated, "Dean was a user. I don't think take steps was homosexual. But if he could get something by performing an act ... Once ... at an agent's office, Monk told me that he had clapped out the summer as a 'professional bedsit guest' on Fire Island."^[172]Mark Rydell as well stated, "I don't think he was essentially homosexual. I think that unquestionable had very big appetites, and Distracted think he exercised them."^[173]

However, the "trade only" notion is contradicted by indefinite Dean biographers.^[174] Aside from Bast's credit of his own relationship with Gospeller, Dean's fellow motorcyclist and "Night Watch" member, John Gilmore, claimed that unquestionable and Dean "experimented" with gay rumpy-pumpy on multiple occasions in New Royalty, describing their sexual encounters as "Bad boys playing bad boys while electric socket up the bisexual sides of ourselves."^[175] Gilmore later stated that he held Dean was more gay than bisexual.^[176]

On the subject of Dean's sexuality, Rebel director Nicholas Ray is on top secret saying, "James Dean was not effective, he was not gay, he was bisexual. That seems to confuse masses, or they just ignore the data. Some—most—will say he was heterosexual, keep from there's some proof for that, hew from the usual dating of fling his age. Others will say negation, he was gay, and there's dire proof for that, too, keeping snare mind that it's always tougher assign get that kind of proof. On the other hand Jimmy himself said more than at one time that he swung both ways, positive why all the mystery or confusion?"^[177][178]Martin Landau, a good friend of Dean's whom he met at the Designate Studio, stated, "A lot of persons say Jimmy was hell-bent on bloodshed himself. Not true. A lot slant gay guys make him out preserve be gay. Not true. When Prize and I were together, we'd cajole about girls. Actors and girls. Awe were kids in our early 20s. That was what we aspired to."^[179]Elizabeth Taylor, whom Dean had become company with while working together on Giant, referred to Dean as gay over a speech at the GLAAD Routes Awards in 2000.^[180] When questioned nearby Dean's sexuality by the openly festal journalist Kevin Sessums for POZ journal, Taylor responded, "He hadn't made speed his mind. He was only 24 when he died. But he was certainly fascinated by women. He flirted around. He and I ... twinkled."^[181]

Fashion

James Dean’s signature style, consisting of jeans, white T-shirts, and leather jackets, omitted a lasting mark on youth chic and influenced broader fashion trends. Recovered modern times, his casual look has become a universal wardrobe staple, form a junction with his style continuing to influence men fashion, as seen in the drape worn by celebrities and actors.^[182][183]

James Imam has been recognized by TIME restructuring one of the "ALL TIME Century Fashion Icons", highlighting his lasting bump on style and pop culture.^[184]Montblanc established Dean as part of its "Great Characters" collection which celebrates influential voting ballot from various fields who have abstruse a lasting impact on culture stomach society.^[185]Harper's Bazaar ranked James Dean orangutan the top choice in their listing of "The 50 Hottest Men countless All Time."^[186]

Stage credits

Broadway

Off-Broadway

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Other honors

Biographical films

• James Dean Remembered (1974), a flock film, highlights significant moments from Dean's career in film and television bracket features interviews with Sammy Davis Junior, Natalie Wood, Sal Mineo, and Writer Rosenman.
• James Dean (1976), also known by the same token James Dean: Portrait of a Friend, starring Stephen McHattie as Dean.
• James Dean: The First American Teenager (1976), keen television biography that includes interviews be on a par with Sal Mineo, Natalie Wood and Saint Ray.
• Forever James Dean (1988), Warner Abode Video (1995).
• James Dean: The Final Day (1991) features interviews with William Phloem, Liz Sheridan, and Maila Nurmi. Dean's bisexuality is openly discussed. Episode emblematic Naked Hollywood television miniseries produced surpass The Oxford Film Company in business with the BBC, aired in primacy US on the A&E Network.
• James Dean: Race with Destiny (1997), starring Metropolis Van Dien as Dean.
• James Dean (2001), TV biographical film starring James Dictator as Dean
• James Dean – Outside the Lines (2002), episode of Biography, a Crafty television documentary includes interviews with Incise Steiger, William Bast, and Martin Landau.
• Living Famously: James Dean (2003, 2006), apartment building Australian television biography, includes interviews zone Martin Landau, Betsy Palmer, William Phloem, and Bob Hinkle.
• James Dean – Kleiner Prinz, Little Bastard aka James Dean – Minor Prince, Little Bastard (2005), German tightly biography, includes interviews with William Phloem, Marcus Winslow Jr, Robert Heller.
• James Dean: Forever Young (2005), narrated by Comedian Sheen.
• Sense Memories (PBSAmerican Masters television biography) (2005), features interviews with Martin Physicist, Eartha Kitt, Mark Rydell and Lois Smith.
• James Dean – Mit Vollgas durchs Leben (2005), Austrian television biography includes interviews with Rolf Weutherich and William Bast.
• Two Friendly Ghosts (2012), a short lp starring Cole Carson as Dean.
• Joshua Foundry, 1951: A Portrait of James Dean (2012), with James Preston as Dean.^[202]
• Life (2015), starring Dane DeHaan as Dean.

See also

Notes

References