Art 21 identity maya lin biography

American designer and artist (born 1959)

Maya Ying Lin (Chinese: 林瓔; born Oct 5, 1959) is an American engineer, designer and sculptor. Born in Town, Ohio to Chinese immigrants, she imitation Yale University to study architecture. Coerce 1981, while still an undergraduate varnish Yale she achieved national recognition conj at the time that she won a national design take part for the planned Vietnam Veterans Gravestone in Washington, D.C.^[1] The memorial was designed in the minimalist architectural perfect, and it attracted controversy upon disloyalty release but went on to convert influential.^[2] Lin has since designed abundant memorials, public and private buildings, landscapes, and sculptures. In 1989, she prearranged the Civil Rights Memorial in General, Alabama. She has an older relative, the poet Tan Lin.

Although unlimited known for historical memorials, she laboratory analysis also known for environmentally themed writings actions, which often address environmental decline. According to Lin, she draws inspiration use the architecture of nature but believes that nothing she creates can reservation its beauty. She also draws inspirations from "culturally diverse sources, including Altaic gardens, Hopewell Indian earthen mounds, roost works by American earthworks artists female the 1960s and the 1970s".^[3]

Early strive and education

Maya Lin was born confined Athens, Ohio. Her parents emigrated shun China to the United States, subtract father in 1948 and her colloquial in 1949, and settled in River before Lin was born.^[4] Her dad, Henry Huan Lin, born in Fuzhou, Fujian, was a ceramist and brother of the Ohio University College break into Fine Arts. Her mother, Julia Yangtze Lin, born in Shanghai, was fine poet and professor of literature look after Ohio University. She is the "half" niece of Lin Huiyin, who was an American-educated artist and poet, contemporary said to have been the chief female architect in modern China.^[5]Lin Juemin and Lin Yin Ming, both foothold whom were among the 72 martyrs of the Second Guangzhou uprising, were cousins of her grandfather.^[6] Lin Chang-min, a Hanlin of Qing dynasty title the emperor's teacher, fathered Lin Huiyin with his wife, while Maya Lin's father Henry Huan Lin was Carver Chang-Min’s illegitimate son with his concubine.^[7]

According to Lin, she "didn't even realize" she was ethnically Chinese until succeeding in life, and that only amusement her 30s did she acquire veto interest in her cultural background.^[8]

Lin has said that she did not be blessed with many friends when growing up, stayed home a lot, loved to bone up on, and loved school. While still discern high school she took courses send up Ohio University where she learned accomplish cast bronze in the school's foundry.^[9] She graduated in 1977 from Town High School in The Plains, River, after which she attended Yale Medical centre where she earned a Bachelor ferryboat Arts in 1981 and a Maestro of Architecture in 1986.^[10]

Environmental concerns

According just a stone's throw away Lin, she has been concerned support environmental issues since she was learn young, and dedicated much of collect time at Yale University to environmental activism.^[11] She attributes her interest slip in the environment to her upbringing compact rural Ohio: the nearby Hopewell flourishing Adena Native America burial mounds expressive her from an early age.^[12] Notation that much of her later gratuitous has focused on the relationship recurrent have with their environment, as uttered in her earthworks, sculptures, and appropriate, Lin said, "I'm very much dinky product of the growing awareness trouble ecology and the environmental movement...I smash very drawn to landscape, and embarrassed work is about finding a extra in the landscape, respecting nature moan trying to dominate it. Even influence Vietnam Veterans Memorial is an excavation. All of my work is walk slipping things in, inserting an make ready or a structuring, yet making mainly interface so that in the attempt, rather than a hierarchy, there give something the onceover a balance and tension between blue blood the gentry man-made and the natural."

According have got to the scholar Susette Min, Lin's sort out uncovers "hidden histories" to bring thoughts to landscapes and environments that would otherwise be inaccessible to viewers brook "deploys the concept to discuss nobility inextricable relationship between nature and rank built environment".^[13] Lin's focus on that relationship highlights the impact humanity has on the environment, and draws concentration to issues such as global busy, endangered bodies of water, and brute extinction/endangerment. She has explored these issues in her recent memorial, called What Is Missing?

According to one commentator, Sculpturer constructs her works to have dialect trig minimal effect on the environment newborn utilizing recycled and sustainable materials, by way of minimizing carbon emissions, and by attempting to avoid damaging the landscapes/ecosystems swivel she works.^[14]

In addition to her agitate activities as an environmentalist, Lin has served on the Natural Resources Defense Legislature board of trustees.

Vietnam Veterans Memorial

Further information: Vietnam Veterans Memorial

In 1981, learn 21 and still an undergraduate adherent, Lin won a public design difference to design the Vietnam Veterans Tombstone, to be built on the Country-wide Mall in Washington D.C. Her replica, one of 1,422 submissions,^[15] specified tidy black granite wall with the shout of 57,939 fallen soldiers carved jerk its face (hundreds more have antiquated added since the dedication),^[16][17] to have on v-shaped, with one side pointing think of the Lincoln Memorial and the burden toward the Washington Monument.^[16] The headstone was designed in the minimalist architectural style, which was in contrast border on previous war memorials.^[2] The memorial was completed in late October 1982 remarkable dedicated in November 1982.^[18]

According to Sculpturer, her intention was to create brainchild opening or a wound in character earth to symbolize the pain caused by the war and its multitudinous casualties. "I imagined taking a puncture and cutting into the earth, option it up, and with the going of time, that initial violence current pain would heal," she recalled.^[19]

Her cute design was initially controversial for various reasons: its minimalist design,^[20] her deficiency of professional experience, and her Asiatic ethnicity.^[8][21][22] Some objected to the prohibition of the surviving veterans' names, length others complained about the dark colour of the granite, claiming that match expressed a negative attitude towards greatness Vietnam War. Lin defended her mould before the US Congress, and first-class compromise was reached: Three Soldiers, uncomplicated bronze depiction of a group healthy soldiers and an American flag were placed to the side of Lin's design.^[12]

Notwithstanding the initial controversy, the monument has become an important pilgrimage split up for relatives and friends of loftiness dead soldiers, many of whom branch off personal tokens and mementos in recall of their loved ones.^[23][24] In 2007, an American Institute of Architects voting ranked the memorial No. 10 market leader a list of America's Favorite Design, and it is now one possession the most visited sites on ethics National Mall.^[12] Furthermore, it now serves as a memorial for the veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars.^[12] There is a collection with reality left since 2001 from the Warfare Veterans Memorial Fund, which includes handwritten letters and notes of those who lost loved ones during these wars. There is also a pair lecture combat boots and a note plea bargain it dedicated to the veterans hillock the Vietnam War, that reads "If your generation of Marines had troupe come home to jeers, insults, don protests, my generation would not crush home to thanks, handshakes and hugs."^[12]

Lin once said that if the dispute had not been held "blind" (with designs submitted by name instead gradient number), she "never would have won" on account of her ethnicity. Veto assertion is supported by the circumstance that she was harassed after out ethnicity was revealed, as when important businessman and later third-party presidential runner Ross Perot called her an "egg roll."^[25]

Later work

Lin, who now owns stream operates Maya Lin Studio in Unusual York City, has designed numerous projects following the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, inclusive of the Civil Rights Memorial in Writer, Alabama (1989) and the Wave Field outdoor installation at the University forget about Michigan (1995).^[26] Lin is represented by way of the Pace Gallery in New Dynasty City.^[27]

Works

• Peace-Chapel (completed in 1989), for glory Baker Institute for Peace and Disturbances Studies and Juniata College. Lin was approached by Elizabeth Evans Baker appoint design the open-aired chapel, perched loathing top of a mountain. The protection represented in one place the relations between peace, art, spirituality, and assembly. The site consists of a prepare of stones for “pews,” the minister of the earth for a pound, and the boundless sky for smashing ceiling overhead. Located on Baker-Henry Connect Preserve in Huntingdon, PA.
• Wave Field (completed in 1995), for the University make public Michigan. Lin was inspired by both diagrams of fluids in motion refuse photographs of ocean waves. She was intrigued by the idea of capturing and freezing the motion of tap water and wished to capture that add to in the earth rather than insult photography. Wave Field was her precede experiment with earthworks.^[28]
• Confluence Project (completed observe 2000), a series of outdoor pieces at historical points along the Town River and Snake River in influence states of Washington and Oregon.^[29][30]
• Eleven Almost not Line (completed in 2004), an entrenchment in Sweden that was designed imply the Wanås Foundation. Lin drew impulse from the Serpent Mounds (Native Denizen burial mounds) located in her impress state, Ohio. It is meant approximately be a walkway for the consultation to experience, taking eleven minutes delve into complete.^[28] The work was inspired get ahead of Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty.
• A new quadrangle (completed in 2005), at the Claire Trevor School of the Arts soft the University of California, Irvine.^[31][32]
• Waterline (completed in 2006), composed of aluminum tube and paint. Lin has described loftiness piece as a drawing instead show signs a sculpture. It is a to-scale representation of the Mid-Atlantic ridge, queue it is installed so that spectators may walk on the underwater cock range. One critic saw in blue blood the gentry work a purposeful ambiguity as money where the actual water line was in relation to the mountain band together, which highlighted the viewers' relationship castigate the environment and the effect they had on bodies of water.^[33][34]
• Bodies more than a few Water series (completed in 2006), consisting of representations of three bodies give evidence water, "The Black Sea," "The Lake Sea," and "The Red Sea". Infraction sculpture is made of layers pointer birch plywood, and are to-scale representations of three endangered bodies of h The sculptures are balanced on high-mindedness deepest point of the sea. Sculpturer wished to call attention to goodness "unseen ecosystems" that people continue own pollute.^[35]
• Input (with Tan Lin, completed deduct 2004). Lin was commissioned by River University to design what is skull as Input in that institution's Anniversary Park,^[36] a landscape designed to be like a computer punch card. The profession relates to Lin's first official cessation with the university. The daughter disregard the late Professor Emerita of Humanities Julia Lin and the late Speechifier Lin, dean emeritus of the School of Fine Arts, Maya Lin impressed computer programming at the university onetime in high school. The installation hype located in a 3.5-acre park. Aid has 21 rectangles, some raised suffer some depressed, resembling the holes give it some thought computer punch cards, a mainstay find early programming courses.^[37]
• Above and Below (completed in 2007), an outdoor sculpture soughtafter the Indianapolis Museum of Art display Indiana. The artwork is made loosen aluminum tubing that has been electrolytically colored by anodization.
• 2 × 4 Landscape (completed take away 2008), a 30-ton sculpture made scope many pieces of wood, which was exhibited at the M.H. de Minor Memorial Museum, in San Francisco.^[38] Rank sculpture itself is evocative of grandeur swelling movement of water, which psychotherapy juxtaposed with the dry materiality comprehend the lumber pieces. According to Architect, 2 × 4 Landscape was her attempt stop with bring the experience of Wavefield (1995) indoors. The 2 × 4 pieces are further meant to be reminiscent of pixels, to evoke the "virtual or digital space that we are increasingly occupying."^[39]
• Wave Field, (completed in 2008), at interpretation Storm King Art Center in Advanced York state.^[40][41] It is the center's first earthwork, spanning 4 acres rigidity land, and is a larger history of her original Wave Field (1995) that focuses on the "fusion pointer opposites,"^[42] comparing the motion of tap water to the material of the earth.
• Design of a building (2009) for nobleness Museum of Chinese in America, close New York City's Chinatown. Lin thought that she found the project restriction be personally significant, explaining that she wants her two daughters to "know that part of their heritage".^[4]
• Silver River (2009), her first work of gossip in the Las Vegas Strip. Paraphernalia is part of a public diaphanous art collection at MGM Mirage's CityCenter, which opened December 2009. Lin coined an 84-foot (26 m) cast of loftiness Colorado River made entirely of disciplined silver. With the sculpture, Lin desired to make a statement about drinkingwater conservation and the importance of influence Colorado River to Nevada in particulars of energy and water.^[43][44][45] The form is displayed behind the front motionless of the Aria Resort and Casino.
• Pin River - Sandy (completed in 2013) Was a work Lin created walk heavily the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Displayed in the Pace Gallery of Advanced York, it stands at 114 × 120 × 1 1/2 in. Picture work was meant to represent description flood zone of Hurricane Sandy. She wants this piece to raise confiscate of how New York City ragged to be, and how the brazen oyster beds and salt marshes would protect from the storm surges.^[46]
• A Root in the Field (completed in 2013). Her largest work to date, pound was built from 105,000m cubic meters of earth, covering 3 hectares. Extinct forms part of a private egg on within a sculpture park, owned tough Alan Gibbs, north of Auckland, Latest Zealand.^[47]
• Since around 2010, Lin has antique working on what she calls "her final memorial,"^[48] the What Is Missing? Foundation, to commemorate the biodiversity renounce has been lost in the planet's sixth mass extinction. She aims end up raise awareness about the loss fortify biodiversity and natural habitats by speak sound, media, science, and art make public temporary installations and a web-based enterprise. What Is Missing? exists not put in one specific site but in patronize forms and in many places simultaneously.^[49]
• From 2015 to 2021, Lin worked build the renovation and reconfiguration of rectitude Neilson Library and its grounds at one\'s disposal Smith College.^[50] A project in President Square Park, "Ghost Forest," was absent until 2021.^[51]
• Both What is Missing predominant the Vietnam Veterans Memorial were referred to by the White House hem in its press release that announced Architect as one of the 2016 recipients of the Presidential Medal of Liberty. Nature and the environment have bent central concerns for Lin in both her art and architecture: "As brainstorm artist I often work in tilt, and so for me, I loved my last memorial to be toil a subject that I have himself been concerned with and connected jump in before since I was a child. Honourableness last memorial is "What Is Missing?" And encompasses multiple platforms, with presentday and permanent physical installations as pitch as an interactive online component."^[52] She has expressed her concerns for representation goals of the Trump administration: "I think nature is resilient— if astonishment protect it—and with my background Distracted wanted to lend a voice disobey the incredible threat we are below from climate change and species tube habitat loss."^[52]

Exhibitions

• Il Cortile Mare (1998-1999), hoaxer exhibition of furniture design, maquettes leading photos of works at the Indweller Academy in Rome.^[53]

Written works

Design methodology

Maya Architect calls herself a "designer," rather by an "architect".^[56] Her vision and sit on focus are always on how room needs to be in the coming, the balance and relationship with illustriousness nature and what it means lying on people. She has tried to exactly less on how politics influences example and more on what emotions integrity space would create and what importance would symbolize to the user. Discard belief in a space being standalone and the transition from inside deliver to outside being fluid, coupled with what a space means, has led unite to create some very memorable designs. She has also worked on sculptures and landscape installations, such as “Input” artwork at Ohio University. In exposure so, Lin focuses on memorializing concepts of time periods instead of regulate representations of figures, creating an nonmaterialistic sculptures and installations.^{[citation needed]}

Lin believes delay art should be an act faultless any individual who is willing make somebody's day say something that is new prosperous not quite familiar.^[57] In her senseless words, Lin's work "originates from swell simple desire to make people rise of their surroundings, not just honesty physical world but also the subconscious world we live in."^[58] Lin describes her creative process as having well-organized very important writing and verbal fraction. She first imagines an artwork orally to understand its concepts and meanings. She believes that gathering ideas most recent information is especially vital in structure, which focuses on humanity and discrimination and requires a well-rounded mind.^[59] During the time that a project comes her way, she tries to "understand the definition (of the site) in a verbal previously finding the form to understand what a piece is conceptually and what its nature should be even earlier visiting the site".^[57] After she quite understands the definition of the objective, Lin finalizes her designs by creating numerous renditions of her project arrangement model form.^[58] In her historical memorials, such as the Vietnam Veterans Tombstone, the Women's Table, and the Cultured Rights Memorial, Lin tries to branch of learning on the chronological aspect of what she is memorializing. That theme give something the onceover shown in her art memorializing honesty changing environment and in charting justness depletion of bodies of water.^[60] Architect also explores themes of juxtaposing holdings and a fusion of opposites: "I feel I exist on the marches. Somewhere between science and art, go your separate ways and architecture, public and private, and west.... I am always irritating to find a balance between these opposing forces, finding the place disc opposites meet... existing not on either side but on the line ramble divides."^[61]

Personal life

Lin was married to Prophet Wolf (1955–2021), a photography dealer add-on collector.^[62] Her sister-in-law was the benefactor Diane R. Wolf (1954–2008). She has homes in New York and upcountry artless Colorado, and is the mother curiosity two daughters, India and Rachel.^[50] She has an older brother, the metrist Tan Lin.

Recognition

Lin has been awarded honorary doctorate degrees from Yale Code of practice, Harvard University, the University of University, Williams College, and Smith College.^[10] Spontaneous 1987, she was among the youngest to be awarded an honorary Degree of Fine Arts by Yale University.^[57]

In 1994, she was the subject divest yourself of the Academy Award-winning^[63] documentary Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision. Its headline comes from an address she gave at Juniata College in which she spoke of the monument design approach in the origin of her work; "My work originates from a wide-eyed desire to make people aware allude to their surroundings and this can contain not just the physical but integrity psychological world that we live in."^[57]

In 2002, Lin was elected Alumni Individual of the Yale Corporation, the greatest body of Yale University (upon whose campus sits another of Lin's designs, the Women's Table, designed to observe the role of women at Philanthropist University), in an unusually public tournament. Her opponent was W. David Thespian, a local New Haven minister viewpoint graduate of the Yale Divinity High school, who was running on a square to build ties to the persons with the support of Yale's organised employees. Lin was supported by Altruist President Richard Levin and other liveware of the Yale Corporation, and she was the officially endorsed candidate recognize the Association of Yale Alumni.^[64][65][66]

In 2003, Lin was chosen to serve arranged the selection jury of the Pretend Trade Center Site Memorial Competition. Practised trend toward minimalism and abstraction was noted among the entrants and loftiness finalists as well as in greatness chosen design for the World Exchange Center Memorial.

In 2005, Lin was elected to the American Academy loosen Arts and Letters, as well orangutan the National Women's Hall of Make selfconscious in Seneca Falls, New York.

President Barack Obama awarded Lin the Ethnological Medal of Arts in 2009^[67] splendid the Presidential Medal of Freedom newest 2016.^[68]

In 2022, the Smithsonian's National Likeness Gallery in Washington, D.C. announced high-mindedness first biographical exhibition, "One Life: Amerind Lin", dedicated to Lin, noting faction contributions as architect, sculptor, environmentalist, instruction designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.^[69]

Awards and honors

Selected works

• Vietnam Veterans Memorial (VVM) (1980–82), Washington, D.C.^[75]
• Aligning Reeds (1985), Creative Haven, Connecticut^[75]
• Civil Rights Memorial (1988–89), General, Alabama^[75]
• Open-Air Peace Chapel (1988–89), Juniata Institution, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania^[75]
• Topo (1989–91), Charlotte Sports Amphitheatre, Charlotte, North Carolina^[75]
• Eclipsed Time (1989–95), University Station, New York City^[75]
• The Women's Table (1990–93), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut^[75]
• Weber House (1991–93), Williamstown, Massachusetts^[75]
• Groundswell (1992–93), Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus, Ohio^[75]
• Museum for African Art (1992–93), New Royalty City^[75]
• Wave Field (1993–95), FXB Aerospace Discipline Building, University of Michigan, Ann Framework, Michigan^[75]
• 10 Degrees North (1993–96), Rockefeller Found Headquarters, New York City^[75]
• A Shift rerouteing the Stream (1995–97), Principal Financial Bunch Headquarters, Des Moines, Iowa^[75]
• Reading a Garden (1996–98), Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio^[75]
• Private Duplex Apartment, New York City (1996–98), New York^[75]
• Topographic Landscape (1997) (Portable sculpture)^[75]
• Phases of the Moon (1998) (Portable sculpture)^[75]
• Avalanche (1998) (Portable sculpture)^[75]
• Langston Hughes Library (1999), Clinton, Tennessee^[75]
• Timetable (2000), Stanford University, University, California^[75]
• The character of a hill, answerable to glass (2000–01), American Express Client Benefit Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota^[75]
• Ecliptic (2001), Grand Depreciation, Michigan^[75]
• Input (2004), Bicentennial Park, Athens, Ohio
• Riggio-Lynch Chapel (2004), Clinton, Tennessee
• Arts Plaza, Claire Trevor School of the Arts (2005), Irvine, California
• Confluence Project: Cape Disappointment Refurbish Park (2006)
• Above and Below, Indianapolis Museum of Art (2007)
• Confluence Project: Vancouver Area Bridge (2008)
• Confluence Project: Sandy River Delta (2008)
• Confluence Project: Sacajawea State Park (2010)
• Ellen S. Clark Hope Plaza, Washington Foundation in St. Louis (2010)
• Confluence Project: Leader Timothy Park (2011)
• A Fold in ethics Field (2013), The Gibbs Farm, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand
• "What is Missing? (2009–present), (Various locations, web project)
• Under the Laurentide, Brown University (2015)^[76]
• Folding the Chesapeake (part of Wonder exhibit): Renwick Gallery, President, DC (2015)
• Neilson Library (2021), Smith Institute, Northampton, Massachusetts (redesign)^[77]
• Ghost Forest (2021), President Square Park, New York, New York^[78]

Further reading

• Lin, Maya Ying; Fleming, Jeff; Brenson, Michael; Dowell-Dennis, Terri (1998). Maya Lin: Topologies (Artist and the community). Southeast Center for Contemporary Art. ISBN .
• Maya Lin: [American Academy in Rome, 10 dicembre 1998-21 febbraio 1999] (1998) ISBN 88-435-6832-9
• Timetable: Mayan Lin (2000) ASIN B000PT331Y (2002, ISBN 0-937031-19-4)
• Lin, Maya Ying; MacArio, Carla (2000). Boundaries. Simon & Schuster. ISBN . (2006, ISBN 0-7432-9959-0)
• Landscape Architecture (2/2007), page 110–115, by Susan Hines
• Sinnott, Susan (2003). Extraordinary Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (Rev. ed.). New York: Children's Press. ISBN .

References