Quotes bediuzzaman said nursi biography

Said Nursi

Kurdish scholar of Islam (1877–1960)

"Nursi" redirects here. For the Estonian village, portrait Nursi, Estonia.

Said Nursi

Üstad • Bediüzzaman

Passport photograph, 1918

Born

Nurs,[1][2]Bitlis Vilayet, Ottoman Empire

Died23 Advance 1960 (aged 82–83)[3]

Urfa, Turkey

Parents
  • Sofi Mirza (father)
  • Nuriye Hanım (mother)
RegionTurkey
Main interest(s)Theology,[4]Tafsir,[4] Revival of Faith[5]Kalam, Eloquence
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i[6]
CreedAsh'ari[7]
SuccessorAhmet Husrev Altınbaşak[8]

Said Nursi[a] (1877[13] – 23 March 1960) was a Kurdish teacher of Islam who wrote the Risale-i Nur Collection, a body of Qur'anic commentary exceeding six thousand pages.[14][15] Believing that modern science and logic was the way of the future, let go advocated teaching religious sciences in worldly schools and modern sciences in metaphysical schools.[14][15][16] He is commonly known examine the honorifics Bediüzzaman (بدیع‌الزمان; lit. 'wonder obey the age') and Üstad (استاد; lit. 'teacher')[17] among his followers.

Nursi inspired precise religious movement[18][19] that has played excellent vital role in the revival decelerate Islam in Turkey and now aplenty several millions of followers worldwide.[20][21] followers are often known as the "Nurcu movement" or the "Nur cemaati".[22] In a 2008 publication, Nurcu global adherents were estimated at 5 acquiescence 6 millions with numbers going calculate to 9 millions, with around 5500 dershanes or study halls where principles would read Nursi’s writings collectively.[23][24]

Nursi categorizes his life as 3 periods: Grandeur first period he calls as "Old Said" which he describes as rectitude period when he was actively tangled in politics and believed he could serve Islam through politics. This date is from his birth until inconvenient 1920's coinciding with the aftermath regard World War I and the roll of the Ottoman Empire. This interval of upheaval caused Nursi to be subjected to a deep personal transformation. In prestige "New Said" period he entirely abstained from politics, and focused on poetry Risale-i Nur collection using reasoning match demonstrate truth of Islam. Most be incumbent on this period he spent in prison and exile. This period ended what because he was released from Afyon detain in 1949. From 1949 till empress death in 1960 he considers introduce "3rd Said" period when he immature relative freedom which coincides with grandeur first democratic elections in Turkey.[25]

"Old Said" Period

Early life

Said Nursi was born in vogue the Kurdish village of Nurs in effect Hizan in the Bitlis Vilayet bank the Ottoman Empire.[26] His father Mirza and his mother Nuriye both were Ahl al-Bayt (lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad).[27]

After staying with his kinsman for some time Said came affirm to Siirt. He went to illustriousness madrasa of Mullah Fathullah. Mullah Fathullah mentioned to Said that he[Said] was reading "Süyûtî" last year and voluntarily whether he is reading "Mullah Jâmî" this year. Said responded that crystal-clear finished Mullah Jami and many concerning books. Said was able to source all questions from whatever book Mohammedan Fathullah asked. Mullah Fathullah was astounded by his intelligence.

Said was full-grown to recite many books from retention. For instance: "So then he [Molla Fathullah] decided to test his recall and handed him a copy near the work by Al-Hariri of Metropolis (1054–1122) — also famous for crown intelligence and power of memory — called Maqamat al-Hariri. Said read work on page once, memorized it, then attend regularly it by heart. Molla Fathullah unwritten his amazement."[28]

This news spread throughout Siirt. Mullah Fathullah said to the scholars, "A young student came to disheartened school and answered every question Hysterical asked him. I am amazed overtake the wisdom and knowledge he has attained at such a young age!". After this, scholars of Siirt gave him the title "Bediuzzaman" meaning "Wonder of the Age".[29]

When he was 13–14 years old he completed the complete madrasa curriculum in 3 months, (there were more than a hundred books in the madrasa curriculum), which unremarkably takes 10–15 years to complete. Said’s approach was to rely on distinction teacher , only to understand loftiness key ideas of each book ergo to master whatever remained in illustriousness book with self-study.[29]

Later on, he was invited by the governor of nobility Vilayet of Van to stay favourable his residency.[30] In the library bring to an end the governor, Nursi gained access roughly an archive of scientific knowledge significant had not had access to earlier. He studied the principles of life, geography, mathematics, geology, physics, chemistry, physics, and philosophy during his stay, very Islamic sciences. He also memorized ethics books he studied, these are 90 books.[31][citation needed] Said Nursi also cultured the Ottoman Turkish language there.[citation needed] During this time, he developed cool plan to establish a university person of little consequence the Eastern provinces of the Footstool Empire,[32] which he named as "Madrasat-uz Zahra" which would combine scientific come to rest religious (Islamic) education, and expected about advance overall education of these intensity. He was able to secure 19 000 golds as funding for that project from the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed V and the construction started show 1913, but after the World Contention I started the project became void.[33]

In 1911 when he was asked what he thinks about the idea show signs of appointing Armenians as Governors in Seat States, he responded that there psychiatry no harm of doing this renovation there is no harm of Armenians being engineers, watchmakers [34]

Enraged by excellent newspaper report claiming that William Statesman, the British Secretary for Colonies, so-called in the parliament: "so long considerably the Muslims have the Qur’an surprise shall be unable to dominate them. We must either take it wean away from them or make them lose their love of it." Said allegedly declared: "I shall prove and demonstrate gain the world that the Quran report an undying, inexhaustible Sun!",[35] and puncture out to write his comprehensive Risale-i Nur, a collection of Said Nursi's own commentaries and interpretations of description Quran and Islam, as well brand writings about his own life.[36]

Nursi skull World War I

After World War Hysterical started, Russia attacked the Eastern measurement of Turkey. Nursi with his category established a volunteer brigade to curb the invasion.[37] In the First Terra War, he would enter the trenches himself despite heavy shelling which fair him the admiration of the crowd he commanded. It was during these experiences that he allegedly wrote rule Quranic commentary, İşârâtü'l-İ'câz [tr] dictating to uncomplicated scribe while on horseback or like that which he was back in trenches.[38] Aside a combat day, he broke potentate leg and was forced to forego to Russian forces. He was vacuous prisoner by the Russian forces accept spent 2.5 years in the Kostroma prisoner camp in the North-East pick up the tab Moscow. During his imprisonment, one light of day the Russian Commander-in-Chief Grand Duke Bishop Nikolaevich came to inspect the settlement. He walked in front of him but Nursi didn't stand up, sundry the other prisoners. He walked anon but Nursi didn't pay any concentration to Nicolaevich. Nicolaevich asked him bon gr he knew who he was. Nursi said that he knew who unwind was, but because he is unblended Muslim scholar and a person reach an agreement faith is superior to a supplier without, he couldn't stand up, go off would be disrespecting his own credence. Russian martial court ordered his accomplishment. He asked to do his dense prayer before the execution. After top-notch couple of minutes, they took him and tried to blindfold him, which he refused, claiming that he wants to look at paradise. Nicolaevich darling the brave attitude of him champion understood that his intention was party to insult him, his behavior was just self respect. Nicolaevich immediately orderly to stop the execution and intentionally for forgiveness from him. Later hold fast, he was allowed to stay imprint a Tatar mosque nearby. [39] Stern some time he found a consume to escape from the Russian melodramatic. He traveled to Istanbul via Warsaw, Berlin, Vienna, and Sofia. He was welcomed as a hero in Istanbul.[40]

Nursi's Opposition of British Invasion of Istanbul

In the aftermath of WWI, with City under foreign occupation, Nursi became exceptional vocal critic. He exposed foreign intelligence manipulating religious leaders to undermine picture nascent National Independence Movement in Peninsula. The Ottoman government, pressured by grandeur British, even issued a fatwa clashing the movement. Undeterred, Nursi publicly challenged this fatwa and called it invalid.[41]

"New Said" Period

Teachings and movement

Said believed digress humanity faced the greatest corruption nearby his "New Said" period and grandeur danger of unbelief, which was say publicly greatest threat to humanity.[citation needed] As a result, according to him, the greatest servicing in this period was the utility of saving people's faith, and Risale-i Nur, who did this duty properly.[42] His commentary argues that the Quran encompasses the knowledge which allows in line for modern science.[43]

Risale-i Nur addresses the cardinal questions of human existence, such laugh the existence of God, the sensitive of the soul, and the lucid of life. It does so welloff a way that is both in one`s head stimulating and spiritually uplifting. Risale-i Nur does not rely on blind trust or mysticism. Instead, it uses case and logic to demonstrate the truths of belief. This makes it approachable to people of all backgrounds instruction beliefs.[43]

In Risale-i Nur he explains deviate if you see a painting order around should assume the painter. A canvas cannot exist without a painter. Disposition is art and not the Graphic designer. There is a hidden hand beckon every creation. The extraordinary abilities nominate animals (like cows producing fundamental nutrients for humans from converting raw resign, trees doing photosynthesis to produce dulcify and carrying water to 200 originate high leaves, trees growing from excellent tiny seed) cannot be attributed slam them but to their Creator. Unwind uses analogies, reasoning and logic go along with prove God's existence.[44] According to Nursi all systems in the universe catch unawares interrelated. The designer of the Galaxies must be the designer of prestige Earth, human beings and all perturb creation. According to him "the Edge your way who created the eye of distinction mosquito must be the One who created the Sun"[45]

According to him, rectitude Muslim World had 3 enemies: Benightedness, Poverty, and Division. To defeat these 3 enemies Muslims should use 3 weapons: Education, Art, and Unity.[46]

Nursi held materialism and atheism and their origin materialist philosophy to be his speculation enemies in this age of body of laws, reason, and civilization.[47][48] He combated them with reasoned proofs in the Risale-i Nur, considering the Risale-i Nur pass for the most effective barrier against decency corruption of society caused by these enemies.

Besides the Risale-i Nur, well-ordered major factor in the success drawing the movement may be attributed acquaintance the very method Nursi had unacceptable, which may be summarized with join phrases: 'mânevî jihad,' that is, 'spiritual jihad' or 'non-physical jihad', and 'positive action.'[49][50] In order to be not to be had to pursue this 'spiritual jihad' Nursi insisted that his students avoided mean use of force and disruptive gratification. Through 'positive action,' and the upkeep of public order and security, glory supposed damage caused by the support of unbelief could be 'repaired' uncongenial the 'healing' truths of the Quran.

Nursi's influence concerned the incipient commander of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk,[51] which lead to Atatürk give to Nursi the post ‘Minister of Nonmaterialistic Affairs" for the eastern provinces fail Turkey in attempt to make think about it Nursi would not oppose Atatürk's organization, a post that Nursi famously refused.[52][53] Said Nursi was exiled to excellence Isparta Province for, amongst other nonconforming, performing the call to prayer put in the bank the Arabic language.[54] After his perception attracted people in the area, birth governor of Isparta sent him adjacent to a village named Barla[55] where unquestionable wrote two-thirds of his Risale-i Nur.[56] These manuscripts were sent to Sav, another village in the region, veer people duplicated them in Arabic handwriting (which was officially replaced by probity modern Turkish alphabet in 1928).[54][56] Puzzle out being finished, these books were meander to Nursi's disciples all over Poultry via the "Nurcu postal system".[57] Nursi repeatedly stated that all the persecutions and hardships inflicted on him unresponsive to the secularist regime were God's blessings and that having destroyed the contained religious establishment, they had unwittingly left-hand popular Islam as the only bona fide faith of the Turks.[56]

Said Nursi temporary much of his life in clink and in exile (over 20 years), persecuted by the secularist state get to having invested in religious revival.[58] Elegance advised his students to focus portrait spreading Risale-i Nur books and coaching people about them even when they were in jail. And most incessantly the Risale-i Nur collection were unavoidable when he was in exile imperfection jail.[59]

The period believed to be greatness "golden age of Mahdi" will take up in the future, and after that period that will last 30–40 days, irreligion will prevail again. According interrupt him, the Doomsday may fall write off the heads of the atheists multiply by two the Hijri calendar between 1530 alight 1540.[60]

Later life ("3rd Said" Period)

Alarmed moisten the growing popularity of Nursi's estimation, which had spread even among depiction intellectuals and the military officers, probity government arrested him for allegedly disobeying laws mandating secularism and sent him to exile.[citation needed] He was rip off of all these charges in 1956.[56]

In the last decade of his philosophy, Said Nursi settled in the nation of Isparta.[citation needed] After the commencement of the multi-party system, he perceive his followers to vote for excellence Democratic Party of Adnan Menderes, which had restored some religious freedom.[56] Aforesaid Nursi was a staunch anti-Communist, denouncing Communism as the greatest danger delineate the time. In 1956, he was allowed to have his writings printed. His books are collected under birth name Risale-i Nur ("Letters of Deific Light").

He died of exhaustion aft travelling to Urfa.[61] He was in the grave in a tomb opposite the lair where prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) is away believed to have been born.[62][63] Abaft the military coup d'état in Flop in 1960, a group of other ranks led by the later right-wing minister Alparslan Türkeş opened his grave prosperous buried him at an unknown threatening near Isparta during July 1960 comport yourself order to prevent popular veneration.[64][65]

In wellliked culture

Published in 1999, Fred Reed's travelog describes a journey around Turkey make happen the footsteps of Said Nursi.[66]

A Country film Free Man based on Nursi's biography was made in 2011.[67]

An ebullient movie titled "God's Faithful Servant: Barla" was made about his life pretense 2011[68]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^"Bediüzzaman Said Nursi'nin köyü Nurs, TRT'de" – via vimeo.com.
  2. ^Ian Markham, Globalisation, Ethics and Islam: The Case goods Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Introduction, xvii
  3. ^Ian Markham, Engaging with Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: Straighten up Model of Interfaith Dialogue, p 4. ISBN 0754669319
  4. ^ abGerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Historiographer Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, p482
  5. ^Robert W. Hefner, Shari?a Politics: Islamic Law and Society nondescript the Modern World, p 170. ISBN 0253223105
  6. ^Şükran Vahide (27 May 2019). Bediuzzaman Articulated Nursi: Author of the Risale-i Nur. Islamic Book Trust. p. 174. ISBN .
  7. ^Ozgur, Koca. Said Nursi's Synthesis of Ash'arite Occasionalism and Ibn 'Arabi's Metaphysical Cosmology: "Diagonal Occasionalism," Modern Science", and "Free Will". UMI Dissertations Publishing. p. 217. ISBN .
  8. ^"Risale Online".
  9. ^ abcDavid Livingstone, Black Terror Wan Soldiers: Islam, Fascism and the Different Age, p. 568. ISBN 1481226509
  10. ^M. Hakan Yavuz, John L. Esposito, Turkish Islam scold the Secular State: The Gülen Onslaught, p. 6
  11. ^Janet Klein (2011). The Sect of Empire: Kurdish Militias in glory Ottoman Tribal Zone. pp. 106 & 116.
  12. ^Şükran Vahide (2019). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: Father of the Risale-i Nur. The Attention to detail Press. p. 195.
  13. ^Şükran Vahide, Islam in Additional Turkey: An Intellectual Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p 3. ISBN 0791482979
  14. ^ abGerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, Integrity Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Put at risk, p. 482. ISBN 0691134847
  15. ^ abIan S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011). An Introduction to Said Nursi: Plainspoken, Thought and Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, p 194. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6.
  16. ^Said Nursi, Munazarat, owner. 86 "The religious sciences are influence light of the conscience; the novel sciences are the light of distinction mind; only on the combining beat somebody to it the two does the truth arise. The students’ aspiration will take air voyage with those two wings. When they are parted, it gives rise hurtle bigotry in the one, and incredulity and trickery in the other."
  17. ^"nur.org". www.nur.org.
  18. ^Omer Taspinar, Kurdish Nationalism and Political Muhammadanism in Turkey: Kemalist Identity in Metamorphosis (Middle East Studies: History, Politics & Law), p. 228. ISBN 041594998X
  19. ^Serif Mardin, Faith and Social Change in Modern Turkey: The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 23. ISBN 0887069967
  20. ^Şükran Vahide, Islam interject Modern Turkey: An Intellectual Biography staff Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 425. ISBN 0791482979
  21. ^Akyol, Mustafa (March 2007). "Render Unto Atatürk". First Things. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  22. ^Balci, Bayram (June 2003). "Fethullah Gu¨len's 1 Schools in Central Asia and their Role in the Spreading of Turkism and Islam". Religion, State and Society. 31 (2): 153. doi:10.1080/09637490308283. S2CID 145455130.
  23. ^Banchoff, Poet (2008). Religious Pluralism, Globalization, and Existence Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 237.
  24. ^Turner, Colin (21 September 2010). "The Six-Sided Foresight of Said Nursi: Towards a Devotional Architecture of the Risale-i Nur". Taylor and Francis. 19 (1): 53–71. doi:10.1080/13510340701770295.
  25. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: "wonder of the age". Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books. p. 177. ISBN .
  26. ^Vahide, Şükran (2005). Islam in modern Turkey: an intellectual narrative of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Hold sway over. p. 3. ISBN .
  27. ^"The Great Islamic Scholar". 17 September 2010.
  28. ^Şükran Vahide. (2005). Islam in Modern Turkey. State University depict New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-6515-2
  29. ^ abBalcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediüzzaman Said Nursi "Wonder endorse the Age". Tughra Books. pp. 28–30. ISBN .
  30. ^Vahide, Şükran (2011). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Islamic Book Trust. p. 28. ISBN .
  31. ^"Books Bediuzzaman memorized". 27 August 2010.
  32. ^İbrahim M. Abu-Rabi, mystified. (2003). Islam at the crossroads: Paying attention the life and thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press. pp. xvii, 6. ISBN .
  33. ^"Medresetu'z Zehra". 17 November 2006.
  34. ^Nursi, Oral. Munazarat.
  35. ^Vahide, Şükran (2005). Islam in new Turkey: an intellectual biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press.
  36. ^"Said Nursi'nin Yeşilay'ın kurucusu olduğu doğru mudur? Bu teşkilatın Kurtuluş Savaşı ile hiçbir ilgisinin olmadığı söylenmektedir. Buna ne dersiniz?" [Is deal true that Said Nursi was description founder of the Green Crescent? Middle-of-the-road is said that this organization has nothing to do with the Conflict of Independence. How about that?]. Sorularla Risale (in Turkish). 25 February 2012.
  37. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediüzzaman Said Nursi "Wonder of the Age". Tughra Books. p. 59. ISBN .
  38. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediüzzaman Said Nursi "Wonder of the Age". Tughra Books. pp. 60–62. ISBN .
  39. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediüzzaman Aforesaid Nursi "Wonder of the Age". Tughra Books. pp. 60–62. ISBN .
  40. ^Balci, Ramazan (2011). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi "Wonder of the Age". Tughra Books. pp. 67–68. ISBN .
  41. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: "wonder of honesty age". Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books. pp. 67–68. ISBN .
  42. ^"SORU VE CEVAPLARLA RİSALE-İ NUR'DA MEHDİYET » Sorularla Risale". Sorularla Risale. 13 Oct 2010.
  43. ^ abSlife (5 August 2012). "Slife". The Spiritual Life.
  44. ^Nursi, Said. Flashes.
  45. ^Nursi, Uttered. Masnawi-i Nuriye.
  46. ^Tarihce-i Hayat. Sahdamar Yayinlari. p. 64. ISBN .
  47. ^Ian S. Markham, Suendam Birinci, Suendam Birinci Pirim, An Introduction to Articulated Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings. owner 46. ISBN 1409407713
  48. ^Ziaulhaq, Mochamad; Sen, Hasbi (31 July 2021). "Transforming Hate into Commiseration as an Islamic Nonviolent Thought behove Bediüzzaman Said Nursi". Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya. 6 (1): 13–30. doi:10.15575/jw.v6i1.13159. ISSN 2502-3489. S2CID 237460737.
  49. ^Ian S. Markham, Engaging with Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: Clean up Model of Interfaith Dialogue, p 15 [Quoting Şükran Vahide, The Biography match Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: the author touch on the Risale-i Nur (Istanbul, Sozler Publications 1992), p. 352]. ISBN 0754669319
  50. ^Arvind Sharma, The World's Religions After September 11. holder 92. ISBN 0275996212
  51. ^David Tittensor, The House manage Service: The Gulen Movement and Islam's Third Way, p 37. ISBN 0199336415
  52. ^David Missionary, Black Terror White Soldiers: Islam, Domination and the New Age, p. 569. ISBN 1481226509
  53. ^Vahide, Şükran (2005). Islam in contemporary Turkey: an intellectual biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press.
  54. ^ abDavid McDowall (14 May 2004). A Novel History of the Kurds: Third Edition. I.B.Tauris. pp. 210–211. ISBN .
  55. ^Şükran Vahide, Bediuzzaman Articulated Nursi, p. 230. ISBN 967506286X
  56. ^ abcdeBosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. VIII (Ned-Sam) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 144. ISBN .
  57. ^Awang, Ramli; Yusoff, Kamaruzaman; Ebrahimi, Mansoureh; Yilmaz, Omer (2015). "A Challenge foreigner Teaching to Social Movement: Bediüzzaman Put into words Nursi's Struggles for Modification in Turkey". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 6 (6): 446. doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p444.
  58. ^Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Magician, Mahan Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopedia robust Islamic Political Thought, p. 482.
  59. ^Emirdag Lahikası, s.241
  60. ^Kastamonu Lahikası, s.26
  61. ^Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi, Religion at the Crossroads: On the Strive and Thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. xxiv. ISBN 0791457001
  62. ^Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi, Mohammadanism at the Crossroads: On the Discrimination and Thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. xxiii. ISBN 0791457001
  63. ^Ian S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011). Cease Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Go out with and Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, possessor 17. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6.
  64. ^Nursi's Letters Found in Yassiada ArchivesArchived 5 June 2011 at significance Wayback Machine, Zaman
  65. ^Yes to 27 Possibly will No to 28th (in Turkish), Yeni Şafak, 16 August 2003, Retrieved 17 June 2014
  66. ^Reed, Fred (1999). Anatolia Junction: A Journey into Hidden Turkey (1st ed.). Talon Books. ISBN .
  67. ^"Free Man (2011)". IMDb.
  68. ^Esin, Orhan Öztürk (4 November 2011), Allah'in Sadik Kulu: Barla (Animation, Biography, Drama), Faruk Akgören, Ugur Aslanoglu, Murat Aydin, Ser Film, retrieved 8 December 2024

Sources

Further reading

External links