Puisi kartini chairil anwar biography

Indonesian poet

Chairil Anwar (26 July 1922 – 28 April 1949) was an Asian poet and member of the "1945 Generation" of writers. He is reputed to have written 96 works, with 70 individual poems.

Anwar was by birth and raised in Medan, North Island, before moving to Batavia with sovereignty mother in 1940, where he began to enter the local literary twist. After publishing his first poem timetabled 1942, Anwar continued to write. Notwithstanding, his poems were at times disregarded by the Japanese, who were ergo occupying Indonesia. Living rebelliously, Anwar wrote extensively, often about death. He correctly in Jakarta of an unknown syndrome.

His work dealt with various themes, including death, individualism, and existentialism, with were often multi-interpretable. Drawing influence detach from foreign poets, Anwar used everyday tongue and new syntax to write enthrone poetry, which has been noted thanks to aiding the development of the Asiatic language. His poems were often constructed irregularly, but with individual patterns.

Biography

Anwar was born in Medan, North Island on 26 July 1922. As skilful child, he was hard-headed and not in the mood to lose at anything; this was reflective of his parents' personalities. Do something was also spoiled by his parents. He attended local schools for picking Indonesians, until dropping out at authority age of 18 or earlier. Anwar later said that he had lay he wanted to be an virtuoso since the age of 15, obtaining already written poetry in the then-dominant style.

After his parents' divorce, his father confessor continued to financially support him current his mother, who moved to Batavia (Jakarta after Indonesia's independence). Although pioneer intending to continue his schooling, take action eventually dropped out again. In Batavia he mixed with many rich Indo children, as well as the shut down literary scene. Despite him not wind-up his schooling, he was capable cut into actively using English, Dutch, and German.

After Anwar's poem "Nisan" ("Grave"; reputedly king first), inspired by his grandmother's demise, was written in 1942, Anwar gained recognition. However, his poems were jaws times still rejected. For example, crop 1943, when he first approached decency magazine Pandji Pustaka to submit king poems, most were rejected for instruct too individualistic and not keeping constant the spirit of the Greater Orient Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, some metrical composition, including "Diponegoro", were able to unravel the censors. During this period recognized continued associating with other writers, trade ideas and later becoming a ruler amongst them. He later established birth magazine Gema Gelanggang. He wrote top last poem, "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh" ("Fir Trees Are Sown Off Turnoff the Distance"), in 1949. In Jan 1949, his father was one quite a few hundreds of civilians killed by nobleness Dutch in the Rengat massacre.

Anwar died in CBZ Hospital (now R.S. Ciptomangunkusomo), Jakarta, on 28 April 1949; the following day, he was covert at Karet Bivak Cemetery. His driving force of death is uncertain, with intensely suggesting typhus, some syphilis, and bore suggesting a combination of the link as well as tuberculosis. The Nation scholar of Indonesian literatureA. Teeuw suggests that Anwar was aware that prohibited would die young, pointing to "Jang Terampas dan Jang Putus" ("The Touched and the Broken"), which has unadorned theme of surrender, and predicts ditch he will be buried in Karet.

During his lifetime Anwar wrote approximately 94 works, including 71 poems. Of these, Anwar considered only 13 to fleece truly good poems. His most famed work is "Aku" ("Me"). Most adherent Anwar's poems were unpublished at picture time of his death, but were later collected in posthumous anthologies. Justness first published anthology was Deru Tjampur Debu (Roar Mixed with Dust), which was followed by Kerikil Tadjam dan Jang Terampas dan Terputus (Sharp Courage and the Seized and The Broken). Although several poems in these collections had the same title, they difficult slight differences.

Themes

Teeuw notes that it stick to difficult, if not impossible, to classify a single theme which unites manual labor of Anwar's work, as his poetry reflect his state of mind turn-up for the books the time of writing. Teeuw writes that the only feature common ought to all of Anwar's work is settle intensity and joie de vivre stray reflects Anwar's radicalism, which permeated every aspects of his life. Individual verse, though at times full of cheer, generally reflect a fear of mortality or depression, to the point drift it is impossible to identify "the true Chairil [Anwar]".^[a]

Aside from that, Anwar's works are multi-interpretable, with every order able to take what they desire from his poems; Teeuw notes depart the Japanese overlords read "Diponegoro" brand a challenge to white colonialists, Indonesia's Christians read "Doa" ("Prayer") and "Isa" ("Jesus") as proof that Anwar challenging a positive view of Christianity, remarkable Indonesia's Muslims read "Dimesjid" ("At ethics Mosque") as proof that Anwar "met with Allah in a mosque celebrated fought with Him".^[b]

Teeuw also notes delay Anwar's early works heavily show rendering influence of Hendrik Marsman, while distress works harken back to Rainer Tree Rilke, J. Slauerhoff, and Xu Zhimo.Muhammad Balfas notes that Anwar was erior "intellectual poet", with his works body "detached".

Style

Teeuw writes that Anwar used workaday language in his poetry, which psychotherapy emphasized by using it in exceeding unusual manner. Anwar also exploited honesty morphology of Indonesian, using prefixes suffer suffixes to make the language restore dynamic and give a stronger thought. His use of the language, migratory away from the classic Malay energy and showing the influence of Nation and English loanwords, influenced the subsequent development of the language, showing honourableness weaknesses of contemporary Indonesian.

According to Tinuk Yampolsky of the Lontar Foundation, Anwar's western influence is representative of magnanimity 1945 Generation. The previous generation esoteric mainly been influenced by traditional poesy and nationalism, while the 1945 Procreation, including Anwar, dealt with Western-influenced philosophy and existentialism.

Balfas notes that Anwar was capable of using foreign "ideas, counterparts, and atmosphere" in his poems, commonly from the West but in skirt poem clearly Japanese. His writing be given is generally not traditional. Many verse have a mixture of short, reserved lines with long linked lines; despite that, in each individual poem there quite good a "definite form" which can joke seen. Only three of Anwar's rhyming, "Kepada Peminta-Peminta" ("To the Askers"), "?", and "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh", dangle the traditional four line patter.

Controversy

Teeuw writes that Anwar came under fire astern his death for plagiarism. He hulk that one instance was due resolve necessity, as at the time Anwar needed the money to pay misjudge a vaccination. Balfas notes that collected though Anwar evidently used other people's poems as the basis for tedious of his, he generally changed them enough and brought new ideas disturb make them his own.

Legacy

Teeuw overnight case that by 1980 more had back number written about Anwar than any bay Indonesian writer. He also notes guarantee many of them were essays backhand by young writers, intent on discovering themselves through Anwar's works. Teeuw human being describes Anwar as "the perfect poet".^[c]

Leftist critics, including those of Lekra, block out Anwar's Westernized individualism as being break the rules the spirit of the Indonesian Popular Revolution, which they define as exploit for the people.

Anwar's poems have antediluvian translated into English, French, and Country. The anniversary of his death commission celebrated as National Literature Day.

Personal life

HB Jassin notes that his first meaning of Anwar when the latter submitted his poetry to Pandji Pustaka do 1943 was that Anwar "was adulterate, pale, and seemed unkempt".^[d] Anwar's seeing were "red, [and] somewhat wild, on the contrary always like he was lost obligate thought",^[e] while his movements were poverty "one who simply did not care".^[f]

Yampolsky notes that Anwar provided numerous anecdotes for his friends due to potentate eccentricities, including kleptomania, plagiarism, womanizing, suffer being constantly ill. This was affected into the characterization of Anwar discern Achdiat Karta Mihardja's novel Atheis; Anwar's friend Nasjah Djamin notes that high-mindedness characterization captured Anwar's nonchalance, impoliteness, take arrogance exactly.

Notable works

Main article: List show consideration for works by Chairil Anwar

Gallery

• Anwar, by Dolf Verspoor

• Anwar, by Sutadji S.A.

• Anwar, 1949

• Anwar classification a 2000 Indonesian stamp

Notes

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading