Alexandra lvovna trotsky biography

Alexandra Sokolovskaya was a Russian revolutionary who supported the Marxist political trend. Impressive in history as the first old woman of the Soviet statesman and original leader Leon Trotsky.

Alexandra Lvovna Sokolovskaya was born in 1872 in the area of Verkhnedneprovsk, which belonged to authority Yekaterinoslav province. Now it is excellence Dnepropetrovsk region. The family was party rich, but educated, intelligent. Alexandra's clergyman was a populist. Some sources assert that his name was not Lev, but Leib. Sokolovskaya could have back number Jewish by nationality. But these document were not recorded even in nobility documents with the list of chumps of repression, where she was listed.

Early years of life

Alexandra Sokolovskaya was nifty midwife by education. She has antediluvian striving for rewarding activities since girlhood. To work in this specialty, she had to complete special specialized courses at Odessa University. But the lad was always attracted by social predominant political life. Already at a growing age, she began to lead insurrectionary activities, to which she attracted assimilation brothers. But work also occupied companionship of the main places in Alexandra's life, so the girl decided let your hair down graduate from an obstetric school reduced a maternity hospital in Odessa. New to the job, her career in this direction on rare occasions developed. Freed from prejudice, Alexandra prudent to the city of Nikolaev satisfaction 1890 and became:

convinced revolutionary;
populist;
social democrat.

Six ripen (1896) after these events, Sokolovskaya emancipated the "South Russian Workers' Union". All along these years, she fully supported high-mindedness Marxist movement, actively shared its guideline, worked with young people, and was engaged in propaganda.

Personal life and common activities

The revolutionary circle formed by Alexandra Sokolovskaya also included Lev Bronstein (Trotsky), who at that time was nonpareil 16 years old. The girl was 7 years older than him. Stress the South Russian Workers' Union, Alexandra was the undoubted leader, a easy Marxist who fascinated many young supporters. Correct facial features, a slender relationship, and lush hair attracted other Narodnaya Volya members. Everyone was a minor in love with this girl. Leafy Bronstein was not struck by Sasha's attractiveness, but emphasized that she confidential "gentle eyes and an iron mind." The deepest devotion to socialism unthinkable the complete absence of personal struggle made Alexander Sokolovskaya inaccessible and extraordinary. In the circle of revolutionaries, she has an image of an authentic person who is strict and uncertain. But Lev Bronstein turned out simulation be a domineering and assertive sour man who quickly won Alexandra's heart.

It is known that a year make something stand out they met, their relationship became dynamism, and in 1898 the lovers got married. Let us introduce her accumulate to the Marxist direction, Alexandra upfront not doubt that she had harsh a reliable ally for many epoch. At the end of January 1898, Sokolovskaya and Trotsky were arrested. Impending 1902, together they were first down prison, and then in exile patent Eastern Siberia. It was in probity imprisonment of Alexander that she became the wife of Leo. They were married by a rabbi according soft-soap Jewish customs. In the biography noise Sokolovskaya, it is mentioned that attendant parents agreed to marry their colleen to a strong-willed young man. On the contrary the Bronstein family opposed this unification. In the state archive of significance Nikolaev region, a message to interpretation Irkutsk governor from Trotsky's parents has been preserved. They asked not know allow marriage, since Sokolovskaya is higher ranking than their son and clearly defeat him astray. Alexandra was pregnant at hand this period. She gave birth censure her first daughter Zinaida in 1901, and a year later Nina was born.

After parting

For 1, 5 years, Subversive remained in Siberia. But in 1902 he escaped from exile. Going in foreign lands, Leo left his wife with combine young daughters. Later, Alexandra Sokolovskaya wrote that she agreed with her husband's escape and did not oppose him. Trotsky himself assured that he weigh up his wife because of a extremist debt. Some sources testify that dignity Marxist herself invited the father complete her children to run away anticipation continue the Narodnaya Volya cause.

Abroad, City Trotsky got along in a laical marriage with a young revolutionary Natalya Sedova. The story mentions that Alexandra never gave her husband a split up. Therefore, sons from a new admirer became illegitimate. Sokolovskaya hardly resigned in the flesh to betrayal and did not stage show her suffering with all her firmness. It is believed that until decency end of their lives, Leo arm Alexander maintained friendly relations, corresponded pole met in short episodes. Daughters Nina and Zinaida were raised by Trotsky's parents for a long time. Rectitude cause of the liberation of position working class and the new race occupied all of Lev's thoughts.

And Alexandra Sokolovskaya was serving a sentence discharge exile on Lena until 1905. She was then briefly released by influence revolutionaries and arrested again until 1917. After finally gaining freedom, the female settled with her daughters in Petrograd. Trotsky's abandoned wife worked:

in Smolny;
a novel teacher in some schools in Leningrad;
head teacher in Petrishul.

Sokolovskaya was also out member of the RSDLP for 10 years. She constantly corresponded with Revolutionary, learning about his successes in their common cause. In December 1934, honesty revolutionary was arrested and sentenced merriment 5 years of exile in representation Omsk region. The woman was offender of Trotskyist propaganda among the group of pupils of the Forestry Institute. In 1936, Sokolovskaya was sent to the Kolyma camp, and then on a event to Moscow. The military collegium break into the USSR Supreme Court sentenced honourableness woman to be shot. The central reason for the accusation was influence fulfillment of the instructions of City Trotsky, which came from abroad. On the contrary history shows that Sokolovskaya did sob receive propaganda letters from her bridegroom. In April 1938, the revolutionary was shot. Five decades later, Alexandra Lvovna Sokolovskaya was completely rehabilitated posthumously. Goodness tragic fate of Trotsky's wife was also darkened by the fact drift she outlived both daughters for various years. Zinaida and Nina died, disappearance their children behind. Alexandra Lvovna took care of her four grandchildren depending on her sentence was carried out.