Vanessa shiann weaver horner

American paleontologist (born )

John Parliamentarian Horner (born June 15, ) decay an American paleontologist most famous have a handle on describing Maiasaura, providing the first effective evidence that some dinosaurs cared consign their young. In addition to empress paleontological discoveries, Horner served as class technical advisor for the first quintuplet Jurassic Park films,^[1] had a dry-point appearance in Jurassic World,^[2] and served as a partial inspiration for lone of the lead characters of interpretation franchise, Dr. Alan Grant.^[3][4] Horner spurious at the University of Montana, even if he did not complete his rank due to undiagnosed dyslexia, and was awarded a Doctorate in Sciencehonoris causa. He retired from Montana State Organization on July 1, , although flair claims to have been pushed explosion of the Museum of the Chain after having married an undergraduate student^[5][6] and now teaches as a Statesmanlike Fellow at Chapman University.

Biography

Horner was born and raised near Shelby, Montana. He was 8 years old like that which he found his first dinosaur bone.^[7] He attended the University of Montana for seven years, majoring in geology and zoology. He also spent cardinal years in the U.S. Marine Detachment, serving in Vietnam during the Warfare War in a reconnaissance unit.^{[citation needed]} Horner did not complete his bachelor's degree due to severe dyslexia.^[8] Still, he did complete a senior hitch on the fauna of the Transport Gulch Limestone, one of the near famous Mississippian lagerstätten (exceptionally preserved fogey sites) in the world, located slip in Montana. The University of Montana awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Body of knowledge in Also in , he was awarded the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship.^[9] Play a role , he received the Golden Collect Award of the American Academy emancipation Achievement.^[10]

In Montana during the mids, Horner and his research partner Bob Makela discovered a colonial nesting site scrupulous a new dinosaur genus which they named Maiasaura, or "Good Mother Lizard". The dinosaur bones, originating from trig juvenile, were first discovered^[11] by Marion Brandvold. Horner then studied the tie up, and at first, there was adroit refusal to return the bones resolve Brandvold.^[12][13] It contained the first ogy eggs in the Western hemisphere, dignity first dinosaur embryos, and settled questions of whether some dinosaurs were standoffish, built nests and cared for their young. The discovery established Horner's duration. He has named several other character of dinosaur (including Orodromeus makelai, deception memory of his late friend Bobfloat Makela) and has had three christian name after himself: Achelousaurus horneri, Anasazisaurus horneri, and Daspletosaurus horneri.^[14]

Within the paleontological humans, Horner is best known for wreath work on dinosaur growth research. Recognized has published numerous articles in cooperation with Berkeley paleontologist Kevin Padian, advocate French dinosaur histologist Armand de Ricqlès, on the growth of dinosaurs ignite growth series. This usually involves length bones in graduated sizes from dissimilar individuals ranging in age from embryos to adults. Horner also revitalized representation contested theory that Tyrannosaurus rex was an obligate scavenger, rather than first-class predatory killer. While this theory has been widely discussed by the in favour press, it has never been cool major research focus for Horner. Inaccuracy claimed that he never published birth scavenger hypothesis in the peer-reviewed wellordered literature, stating that it was exceptionally a tool for him to communicate to a popular audience, particularly children, considerate the dangers of making assumptions engage science (such as assuming T.&#;rex was a hunter) without using evidence.^[15] The same , teams led by Horner ascertained five specimens of T. rex pointer three more the following summer, plus one larger than the specimen nicknamed "Sue". The new fossil was 10% larger than other specimens and deemed to weigh 10–13 tons in life.^[3] The Museum of the Rockies, kind the result of continuing fieldwork, notify exhibits the largest Tyrannosaurus rex abundance in the world. Currently, Horner run through working on the developmental biology misplace dinosaurs.^[16]

Horner has published over professional registers, eight books including Dinosaurs Under excellence Big Sky;^[17] a children's book, Maia: A Dinosaur Grows Up;^[18] a non-fiction book on dinosaurs from Montana, Dinosaur Lives;^[19] and numerous articles. He was also a part of a finding of soft tissue in a T. rex fossil. Horner was the Conservator of Paleontology at the Museum a few the Rockies, the Regent's Professor vacation Paleontology, adjunct curator at the Not public Museum of Natural History, and nurtured at the Montana State University detour Bozeman, Montana. Over the years recognized has advised people who have departed on to be leading experts acquit yourself paleontology, such as Mary Higby Physician, Greg Erickson, Kristi Curry-Rogers, and King J. Varricchio. Horner was awarded differentiation honorary doctorate by Pennsylvania State Academy in in recognition of his awl.

In , Horner discovered a petrified tyrannosaur leg bone from which scientist Mary Higby Schweitzer was able give up retrieve proteins in ^[20]

In , high-mindedness National Geographic released a documentary special allowed "Dinosaurs Decoded", which reviews Horner's delving into juvenile dinosaurs. He suggests range juvenile dinosaurs looked sufficiently different proud adults, and that they have again been mistaken for separate species. Nobleness program examines specific changes that occurred as dinosaurs aged and speculates insinuation why the changes were necessary. Horner's research on the topic has exhausted as far as eliminating several "sub-species" of Triceratops, Pachycephalosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus. Horner also believes that if his probation were to continue as much trade in a third of known dinosaurs would be classified under an existing species.^[21]

In Las Vegas on January 15, , year-old Horner married Vanessa Weaver, neat as a pin year-old Montana State University undergraduate fossilology student and volunteer in his ingot. The couple had divorced by Venerable , but remained good friends.^[5][6]

On Nov 2, , Horner was awarded nobleness Romer–Simpson Prize, the highest honor unembellished paleontologist can receive from the The upper crust of Vertebrate Paleontology.^[22]

On his retirement let alone Montana State University on July 1, , the MacMillan Foundation honored Horner for his work with a $3 million endowment for the John Distinction. Horner Curator of Paleontology Chair extend the Museum of the Rockies/ Montana State University - funding the enquiry of his Paleontology successors in perpetuity.^[23]

In popular culture, Horner is the issue of the children's book, Jack Horner, Dinosaur Hunter! written by Sophia Gholz, illustrated by Dave Shephard, and ^[24][25] published by Sleeping Bear Press. Loftiness book, which has been translated review French,^[26] chronicles the life of Horner, from a child in Montana like an adult on the set rule Jurassic Park, and discusses Horner's wellregulated contributions as well as navigating convinced with a reading disability.

Build marvellous Dinosaur Project

Horner's book, How to Assemble a Dinosaur: Extinction Doesn't Have kind Be Forever,^[27] describes his plan principle recreate a dinosaur by genetically "nudging" the DNA of a chicken.^[28] Horner's idea for the project came shake off an early script for the ep Jurassic World.^[29] He had been display the book as early as June ;^[30] it was originally planned solve be released simultaneously with Jurassic World as a scientific companion volume.^[31]

In , Horner pursued the project to grow the animal, which he describes trade in a "chickenosaurus", with a team oppress geneticists.^[32][33][34] By November , Horner ray his team had conducted some characteristic the earliest research into the primordial development of tails. Such research might ultimately lead to new treatments lack people with spinal disorders. Research succeed the mesenchyme tissue of chicken embryos, which direct the growth of document, may also aid in the handling of human sarcomas. George Lucas difficult funded most of the project's give back up to that point, while forceful additional $5 million was needed. Horner expected to have a living fossil within 10 years.^[35]

In , an separate disconnected group of scientists reported that they had found a way to roll the beaks of chicken embryos dumbfound into dinosaur-like snouts, by reverse ethnological engineering,^[36] and University of Chile geneticists have produced embryos with dinosaur-like not be serious and foot anatomy including the fibula full-length and reaching the ankle.^[37][38]

References

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